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In the 1990s, a trade dispute over fresh salmon arose between Canada and Australia. In 1995, Canada made a complaint to the World Trade Organization, of which both countries are members, about Australia's restriction on imports of fresh salmon, which were part of a quarantine measure for health purposes. WTO dispute resolution favored Australia, both in a 1997 panel decision and in a subsequent decision by the WTO Appellate Body. The WTO determined that the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) did not allow Australia's import ban. The WTO ordered Australia to lift its ban and increased quarantine requirements not only for salmon, but for imports of other species of fish as well.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dfat.gov.au/international-relations/international-organisations/wto/wto-dispute-settlement/Pages/australia-measures-affecting-importation-of-salmon-wt-ds18.aspx )〕 The parties settled their dispute in 2000. ==Salmon industry and origins of the dispute== In the 1990s, major world salmon exporters include Canada, Norway, Chile, Scotland, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand, and Australia.〔Michael Richardson, (Ottawa Sees Protectionism by Canberra; Canada's Beef: Salmon ), ''New York Times'', November 10, 1995.〕 In 1995, Australia had a 100 million AUD (75.1 million USD) salmon industry, with a total value of Australian salmon exports (mostly to east Asia, particularly Japan) of about 40 million dollars.〔 In 1975, Australia imposed a ban on imports of fresh salmon under a quarantine regulation intended to prevent entry of imported diseases into fish stock in Australia.〔 Australia did allow imports of non-fresh salmon, including salmon that had been heat-treated by canning (see salmon cannery) or smoking, which reduces the risk of disease. In 1995, the annual value of such imports to Australia was about 52 million dollars, with almost half of these imports coming from Canada.〔 Australian salmon had an advantage in Japanese and other markets, selling for premiums up to 20 percent over other imported fresh salmon, because of Australian environmental regulations.〔 In the 1990s, however, tensions arose between Canada and Australia over Australia's regulation, negatively affecting the two countries' relations.〔 The Australians argued that the ban was justified on health grounds; the Canadians argued that there was no scientific evidence that Canadian fresh-salmon imports would be unsafe and that the ban was simply protectionism.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canada–Australia salmon trade dispute」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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